World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -60

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -60

World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.

For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com



World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -60
World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.
For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 14. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 16 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 15. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 18 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1. Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 16. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 20 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 17. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 26 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 18. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 29 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 19. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+18 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 20. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+3+3 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 21. Cleistanthus collinus
based formulation (With 3 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Asprey,  G .   F .   &  Robbins,  R .   G .   1953.  The  vegetation  of  Jamaica.  Ecol.
Monogr.  23:  359-412.
Chapman,  V .   J.  1944.  The  1939  Cambridge  University  Expedition  t o 
Jamaica.  Part  I .   A  study of  t h e   botanical  processes  concerned
i n   t h e   development  o f   the  Jamaican  shore-line.  Journ.  Linn.
Soc.  London  52:  407-447.
Davis,  J .   H .   1942.  The  ecology  of  t h e   vegetation  and  topography  of
t h e   sand  keys  of  Florida.  Pap.  Tort.  Lab.  33: 113-195  o r  Carnegie
I n s t .   Washington  Publ.  524.
S t e e r s ,   J.  A .   1940.  The  c o r a l   cays  of  Jamaica.  Geog.  Journ.  95  (1):
30-42.
S t e e r s ,   J. A . ,   Chapman,  V.  J . ,  --  e t   a l .   1940.  Sand  cays  and mangroves
i n  Jamaica.  Geog.  Journ.  96  (5):  305-328.
Bengry,  R .   P .   1954.  Lime  Cay.  Natural  Hist.  Notes,  I n s t .   Jam.  65:
69-70.
S t e e r s ,   J. A .   1940.  The  Cays  and  t h e   Palisadoes, Port  Royal,  Jamaica.
Geog. Rev.  30  (2) : 279-296.
1
Ahmad, F. 2005. Historical and archaeological perspectives of soil
degradation in Cholistan. Journal Geographic, Issue No. 10, pp.
31-35.
2
Akbar, G., Khan, T. N. and Arshad, M. 1996. Cholistan desert, Pakistan.
Rangelands 18(4):124-128.
3
Alias, A. M. 2001. Application of remote sensing and GIS by Forestry
Department, Peninsular Malaysia – Current status. Paper presented
at the seminar Teknologi Remote Sensing dan GIS dalam Aplikasi
Perhutanan, Kuala Lumpur, 31 July 2001, pp. 10.
4
Aronoff, S. 1995. Geographic Information Systems: A Management
Perspective. WDL Publications, Ottawa, Canada.
5
Arshad, M. and Rao, Altaf-ur-Rehman 1993. Plant Genetic Resources
of Cholistan Desert and Their Utilization. Cholistan Institute of Desert
Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
6
Arshad, M., Chaudhry, M. S. and Akram, M. 1987. Important Indigenous
and Exotic Trees, Shrubs and Grasses and Their Utilization in Cholistan
Desert. Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University
Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
7
Arshad, M. and Rao, Altaf-ur-Rehman 1994. Flora of Cholistan Desert.
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur,
Pakistan.
8
Arshad, M., Rao, Altaf-ur-Rehman, Akbar, G. and Khan, M. A. 1999.
Floral wealth and its adaptation in degraded Cholistan. Proceedings of
an International Conference on Desertification and Soil Degradation,
11-15 November 1999, Moscow, pp.195-199.
9
Butt, M. A., Akram, M. and Abdullah, M. 1991. Jojoba – An economic
oilseed plant for deserts with special reference to Cholistan. Proceedings
of Seminar People’s Participation in the Management of Resources in
Arid Lands, Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University
Bahawalpur, Pakistan, pp.72-78.
10
FAO 1997. FAO activities: Forestry and Fisheries applications,
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/EIdirect/
EIre0025.htm, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations, Rome.
11
Hussin, Y. A. 2000. State of the art: Remote sensing application for
sustainable management of forests. Proceedings of the 20
th
 ACRS
Conference, pp. 6.
12
Kennedy, M. 2002. The Global Positioning System and GIS:
An Introduction. 2
nd
 edn, Taylor & Francis, New York.
13
Khali Aziz, H. 2001. Remote sensing, GIS and GPS as a tool to support
precision forestry practices in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 22
nd
Asian
Conference on Remote Sensing, 5-9 November 2001, Singapore.
14
Khali Aziz, H., Ibrahim, S. and Norizan, A. P. 2001. Tree mapping
using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) – A step towards
precision forestry.  Paper presented at the Seminar Teknologi Remote
Sensing dan GIS dalam Aplikasi Perhutanan, Kuala Lumpur, July 31,
2001, pp.10.
15
Laghari, Sardar Najmud Din Khan 1991. Khip – Silver fibre of Cholistan
desert. Proceedings of Seminar People’s Participation in
the Management of Resources in Arid Lands, Cholistan Institute of
Desert Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan, pp. 24-29.
16
Rao, Altaf-ur-Rehman and Arshad, M. 1991. Perennial grasses of
Cholistan desert and their distribution. Proceedings of Seminar People’s
Participation in the Management of Resources in Arid Lands, Cholistan
Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan,
pp.6-11.
17
Rao, Altaf-ur-Rehman, Arshad, M. and Shafiq, M. 1989. Perennial
Grasses Germplasm of Cholistan Desert and Its Phytosociology.
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur,
Pakistan.
18
Rao, D. P., Gautam, N. C., Karale, R. L. and Sahai, B. 1991. IRS IA
application for land use/land cover mapping in India. Current Science
61(3, 4) Remote Sensing for National Development, India.
19
Rao, U. R. 1990, Space and forest management. Proceedings of the 41
st
IAF Congress, Dresden, Germany.
20
Sen, D. N. 1982. Environment and Plant Life in Indian Desert. Geobios
International, Jodhpur, India.
21
Spencer, J., Frizzelle, B. J., Page, P. H. and Vogler, J. B. 2003. Global
Positioning System: A Field Guide for the Social Sciences. Blackwell
Publishing Ltd.
22
Zarchan, P. 1996. Global Positioning System: Theory and
Application.Vol.I. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Inc., Washington D.C.
Gozmány, L. A. & L. Vári 1973. The Tineidae of the Ethiopian Region. – Transvaal Museum Memoir 18:
vi + 238 pp., 570 fi gs.
Meyrick, E. 1930. Xerantica tephroclysta. – Exotic Microlepidoptera 3: 553–554.
Powell, J. A. 1968. Taxonomic status and descriptions of some fungus-feeding Tineidae (Lepidoptera).
– Pan-Pacifi c Entomologist 43: 292–307.
Robinson, G.S. 1986. Fungus moths: a review of the Scardiinae (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). – Bulletin of the
British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 52 (2): 37–181.
Robinson, G.S. 2001. Global taxonomic database of Tineidae (Lepidoptera). – http://www.nhm.ac.uk/
entomology/tineidae/index.html
Robinson, G.S. 2005. Global taxonomic database of Tineidae (Lepidoptera). – In: F. Bisby et al., Species
2000. ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2005 Annual Checklist. – CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Robinson, G.S. [submitted]. Hidden diversity in small brown moths – the systematics of Edosa (Lepidoptera:
Tineidae) in South-East Asia. – Systematics and Biodiversity.
Robinson, G.S. & E. S. Nielsen 1993. Tineid Genera of Australia (Lepidoptera). – Monographs on
Australian Lepidoptera 2. xvi + 343 pp, 734 fi gs. CSIRO, Melbourne.
Robinson, G.S. & K. R. Tuck 1997. Phylogeny and composition of the Hieroxestinae (Lepidoptera:
Tineidae). – Systematic Entomology 22: 363–396.
1. Almeida,        C.F.C.B.R.,             E.L.C.         Amorim,
U.P. Albuquerque  and  M.B.S.  Maia,  2006.
Medicinal  plants  popularly  used in the Xingó
region – a semi-arid location in Northeastern Brazil.
Journal   of    Ethnobiology    and   Ethnomedicine,
2:15 doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-15.
2. Reyes-Garcia, V., V. Vadez, T. Huanca, W. Leonard
and  D.  Wilkie,  2005.  Knowledge  and  consumption
of  wild  plants: A  comparative  study  in two
Tsimane' villages in the Bolivian Amazon.
Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 3: 201-207.
3. Vandebroek,  I.,   J.   Calewaert,   S.   De   jonckheere,
S. Sanca, L. Semo, P. Van Damme, L. Van Puyvelde
and N. De Kimpe, 2004. Use of medicinal plants and
pharmaceuticals by indigenous communities in the
Bolivian Andes and Amazon. Bulletin of the World
Health Organization, 82: 243-250.
Cazier-Penny, W. 2001. Hardwood forest composition in the undissected Lower Coastal Plain in
Virginia. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 128, 321-331.
Chaghtai, S.M., S.Z. Shah and J. Shah. 1989. Temporal changes in vegetation of Miranjani Top
Galis, Hazara, NWFP, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 21: 107-117.
Champion, H.G., S.K. Seth  and G.M. Khattak. 1965. Forest Types of Pakistan. Forest Institute,
Peshawar, Pakistan. 
Gauch, H.G. Jr. 1982.  Multivariate Analysis and Community Structure. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge. 
Greig-Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
Hill, M. O. 1979. TWINSPAN - a FORTRAN Programme for Arranging Multivariate Data in an
Ordered Two-Way Table By Classification of the Individuals and Attributes. Cornell
University, Department of Ecology and Systematic, Ithaca, New York.
Jongman, R.H.G., C.J.F. ter Braak  and O.F.R. van Tonggren. 1995. Data Analysis in Community
and Landscape Ecology. Purdoc, Wageningen, Netherlands. 
Kent, M. and P. Coker. 1992.  Vegetation Description and Analysis, A Practical Approach.
Belhaven Press, London.
Khatoon, S., I. Ali and M. Qaiser. 1999. Bioinvasion: threat to ecology and economy.
http://edu.sdnpk.org/alist.htm
Hameed, M., A. Chaudhry, M.A. Maan A.H. Gill.  2002.  Diversity of plant species in Lal Suhanra
National Park, Bahawalpur. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 267-274.
Legendre, P. and L. Legendre. 1998.  Numerical Ecology, Second edition: Development in
Environmental Modelling. Elsevier Science, New York, USA.
Legendre, P. and A. Vauder. 1991.  The R Package: multidimensional analysis, spatial analysis.
Department de Sciences Biologique, Université de Montréal.
Lohibehr History Files, 1989-90. Forest Department Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 
Malik, R.N. and S.Z. Husain. 2006. Spatial distribution of ecological communities using remotely
sensed data. Pakistan Journal of Botany.
Malik, R.N., S.Z. Husain and A. Raouf. 1999.  Exploitation of Systeme Probaterire de l’
Observation de la Terre (SPOT XS) for Monitoring Vegetation Change in Lohibehr Wildlife
McCune, B. 1997. Influence of noisy environmental data on canonical correspondence analysis.
Ecology 78, 2617-2623.
McCune, B. and M.J. Mefford. 1999.  PC ORD, Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, ver.
3.05. MJM Software, Gledeneden Beach.
Muller-Dombois, D. and H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. John Wiley
& Sons Inc, New York.
Nasir, E. and S.I. Ali (eds.). 1972. Flora of West Pakistan. Fakhri Press, Karachi.
Palmer, M. 2002. The ordination web page. http://www.okstate.edu/ artsci/botany/ordinate/
Palmer, M.W. 1993. Putting things in even better order: the advantages of canonical
correspondence analysis. Ecology, 74: 2215-2230. 
Randall, J.M. and J. Marinelli. 1996. Invasive Plants. Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Inc.
Rammel, T. 2001. Comparing linear and uni-model  ordination techniques for a field survey of
vegetation and environmental data. Forest Landscape Ecology and Methods, 14-36.
Rodwell, J.S. 1991.  British Plant Communities, Woodlands and Scrub.  Vol. 1. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge. 
Sneath, P.H.A. and R.R. Sokal. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco.
Stewart, R.R. 1972. An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir.
Gordon College, Rawalpindi. 
Verhoeye, J. and R. De Wolf. 2002. Land cover mapping at sub-pixel scales using linear
optimization techniques. Remote Sensing of Environment, 79: 96-104.
Yasin, J.N. and R. Akhter. 1987. A checklist of wild trees, shrubs and climbers of the National
Park, Margalla Hills, Islamabad. Biologia, 33: 149-176.
Ahouson, N. and B. Toure, 1981. Study of the variability created by the
characteristics of the organ of vegetative multiplication in D. alata,
Tropical Root Crops: Research strategies for the 1980s. IDRC-16e,
Ottawa, Canada. pp 177-179.
Akoroda, M.O. and L.U. Okonmah, 1982. Sett production and germplasm
maintenance through vine cuttings in yams. Tropical Agriculture,
59(4): 311-314.
AL-Salem, M.M. and S.N. Koram, 2001. Auxin wounding and
propagation medium affect rooting response of item cuttings of
Arbutus andrachne. HortScience, 36: 976-978.
Budelman, A. 1997. The above ground structure compatibility
of  Flemingia  macrophylla, Gliricidia sepuim  and  Leuceana
leucocephal as live stakes per yams, Dioscorea alata.  In: Gliricidia
sepuim (Jacq) Walp:  Management and improvement. Proceeding of
workshop. Turrialla: Costa Rica. pp 82-89.
Cabanillas, E. and F.W. Martin, 1978. The propagation of edible yam from
cuttings. Journal of the University Puerto Rico, 62: 249-254.
Carpenter, W. J. and J.A. Cornell, 1992. Auxin application duration and
concentration govern rooting of Hibiscus stem cuttings. Journal
American Society Horticultural Science, 117: 68-74.
Correl, D.S., B.G. Schubert, H.S. Gentry, and W.D. Hawley, 1955.
The search for plant precursors of cortisone. Economic Botany, 9:
307-375.
Coursey, D.G. 1967. Yams. 1
st
 edition. London. England, LongmansGreen, and Co. Ltd, Tropical Agricultural series,
Degras, L. 1993. The yams: A tropical root crop. The Macmillan Press,
CTA, London. 
Ekanayake, I.J. and R. Asiedu, 2002. Problem and perspectives of yam
based systems in Africa. Journal of Crop production, 9: 531-558.
Ehui, S.K., T.W. Hertel and P.V. Preckel, 1990. Forest resource depletion,
soil dynamics and agricultural productivity in the tropics. Journal
of Environmental Management, 18: 136-154.
Ferguson, T.U. 1970. Status and future of yams in the Caribbean.
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Tropical
Root and Tuber Crops, held at Honolulu and Kapaca Hawaii, August
1970. Honolulu, University of Hawaii.
Ferguson, T.U. 1971. The propagation of Dioscorea spp by vine cuttings-
a critical review. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter, 4:
4-7.
Ferguson, T.U. 1972. The propagation of Dioscorea spp by vine cuttings.
Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter, 5: 4 -8.
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester and F.T. Davies Jr, 1990. Plant propagation:
Principles and practices. 5
th
 Edn. Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey.
Ikeorgu, J.E.G., M.A. Ibedu and S.O. Odurukwe, 1995. Preliminary on
farm evaluation of two region pea (Cajanus cajan L.) varieties as
hedgerows in yam /maize/cassava production systems. Alley farming
research and development. pp 287-291. Proc. at. Int. conf on alley
farming B.T. Kang, A. Osiname and A. Larbi (eds.). AFNETA/IITA,
Ibadan: Nigeria.
International Institute of  Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 1999. Improvement
of yam-based production systems. Annual Report. IITA, Ibadan,
Nigeria, pp 44.
Kumar, K.V. and E.K. Chacko, 1979. Propagation of Dioscorea alata L.
by vine cuttings. Journal of Root Crops, 5: 60-61.
Lal, R. 1974. Soil temperature, soil moisture and maize yield from
mulched and un-mulched tropical soil. Plant and Soil, 40: 129-
143.
Njoku, E. 1963. The propagation of yams (Dioscorea spp) by vine
cuttings. Journal of West Africa Science Association, 8: 29-32.
O’Hair, S.K. 1984. Furinaceous crops. In:  Hand book of tropical
food crops. F.W. Martin (ed.). 2
nd
 Edition. CRC Press, Inc. Boca,
Florida.
Okonkwo, S.N.C., F.I.O. Nweke and E. Njoku, 1973. Effect of age
on the development of node cuttings of D. bulbifera L. In: Third
international symposium of tropical Root Crops. IITA, Ibadan,
Nigeria, December, 1973.
Okonkwo, S.N.C. 1985. The botany of yam plant and its exploitation in
enhanced productivity of the crop. In: Advances in yam research.
The biochemistry and technology of the yam tuber. G. Osuji (ed.)
Biochemical society of Nigeria and Anambra State University of
Technology. pp 3-29.
Okoli, O.O., M.C. Igbokwe, L.S.O. Ene and J.U. Nwokoye, 1982. Rapid
multiplication of yam by minisett technique. National Root Crop
Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria. Research Bulletin, 2: 1-12.
Onwueme, I.C. 1984. Yam. In: The physiology of tropical fi eld crops.
1
st
 Edition. P. R. Goldsworthy and N. M. Fisher (eds.). John Wiley
and Sons Ltd,
Orkwor, G.C. and I.J. Ekanayeke. 1998. Growth and development. In
Food yams: Advances in Research. G. C. Orkwor, R Asiedu and I. J.
Ekanayake (Eds). IITA/NRCRI, Ibadan, Nigeria. pp 39-62.
Oyetunji, O.J., I.J. Ekanayake and O. Osonubi, 2003. The infl uence of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, mulch and fertilizer application on
the yield of yams (Dioscorea spp) in an agroforestry system in south
western Nigeria. MUARIK Bulletin, 6: 75-82.
Preston (Jr.), W.H. and J.R. Haun, 1962. Factors involved in the
vegetative propagation of Dioscorea speculifl ora Hemsl. From
vines. Proceedings American Society Horticultural Science, 80:
417-429.
SAS Institute Inc. 1991. The SAS system for windows Release, 6-10.
SAS Institute, North Carolina, USA.
Shiwachi, H., I.A. Acha and R.  Asiedu, 2002. Mini tuber production
using yam (Dioscorea rotundata) vine. Report on the experiment
carried out at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Tetteh, J.P. and C. Saakwa, 1994. Prospects and constraints to yam
production in Ghana. F. Ofori and S. K. Hahn (editors). Proceedings
of the 9
th
Iymposium of the International Society for Tropical Root
crops-held at Accra, Ghana, October 1991.
van der Zaag, P. and R.L. Fox, 1981. Field production of yams (Dioscorea
alata) from stem cuttings. Tropical Agriculture, 58: 143-145.
[1]  Kinghorn AD, Balandrin MF. Human medical agents from plants.
In: American chemical society symposium series 534. American
Chemical Society: Washington, DC; 1993.
[2]  Yue-Zhong S. Recent natural products based drug development: a
pharmaceutical industry perspetive. J Nat Prod 1998; 61: 1053-
1071.
[3]  Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. Agroforestree
database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0.
[Online]. Available from http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/
treedb/ [accessed on 2009].
[4]  Bown D. The royal horticultural society encyclopedia of herbs and
their uses. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd; 2008.
[5]  Gupta RK. Medicinal and aromatic plants. New Delhi: CBS
Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd; 2010.
[6]  Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian medicinal
plants, national institute of science communication and information
resources. New Delhi: 2006.
[7]  Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi: Springer India Pvt.
Ltd; 2007.
[8]  Rathee S, Mogla OP, Sardana S, Vats M,  Rathee P. Antidiabetic
activity of Capparis decidua Forsk Edgew. J Pharmacy Res 2010;
3(2): 231-234.
[9]  Goyal NK. Effect of Capparis decidua extracts on the serum
glucose levels of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Cell
Tissue Res 2009; 9(1): 1703-1707.
[10]Rathee S, Mogla OP, Sardana S, Vats M,  Rathee P. Antimicrobial
activity of stem of Capparis decidua Edgew. Pharmacologyonline
2010; 2: 961-967.
[11] Ali SA, Al-Amin TH, Mohamed AH, Gameel AA.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of
Capparis decidua stems against carbon tetrachloride induced liver
damage in rats. J Pharmaco Toxicol 2009; 4: 167-172.
[12]Mali RG, Hundiwale JC, Sonawane RS. Evaluation of Capparis
decidua for anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities. Indian J Nat
Prod 2004; 20: 10-13.
[13]Pirzada AJ, Shaikh W, Maka GA, Shah SIS, Mughal S. Antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of medicinal plants
Capparis decidua edgew and Salvadora persica linn. against
different parasitic fungi. Pak J Agric Agric Eng Vet Sci 2009,
25(2): 26-34.
[14]Purohit A, Vyas KB. Antiatherosclerotic effect of Capparis decidua
fruit extract in cholesterol- fed rabbits. Pharm Bio 2006; 44: 172-
177.
[15]Purohit A, Vyas KB. Hypolipidaemic efficacy of Capparis decidua
fruit and shoot extract in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Indian J Exp
Biol 2005; 43: 863-866.
[16]Chahlia N. Evaluation of hypolipidaemic activity of Capparis
decidua. Int J Biomed Sci 2009; 5(1): 70-73.
[17]Goyal R, Grewal R. Hypocholesterolemic effect of teent (Capparis
decidua) in hyperlipidemic obese adults. Nutr Food Sci 2010;
40(3): 340-345.
[18]Goyal M, Nagori BP, Sasmal D. Sedative and anticonvulsant
effects of an alcoholic extract of Capparis decidua. J Nat Med
2009; 63(4): 375-379.
[19]Navanath MS, Naikwade NS. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and
CNS depressant activity of Capparis decidua Edgew flowers. J
Pharmacy Res 2009; 2(8): 1307-1310.
[20]Rathee S, Rathee P, Rathee D, Rathee D, Kumar V.
Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Kair (Capparis
Decidua). Int J Phytomed 2010; 2: 10-17.
[21]Singh U, Mishra D, Bajpai A, Meena H, Sharma D. Capparis
decidua (kair): an updated review on medicinal uses. Int J
Biopharm Toxicol Res 2011; 1(2): 137-153.
[22]Joseph B, Jini D. A medical potency of Capparis decidua. Res J
Phytochem 2011; 5: 1-13.
[23]Rathee S, Mogla OP, Sardana S, Vats M, Rathee P.
Pharmacognostical & phytochemical evaluation of stem of
Capparis decidua (Forsk) Edgew. Pharmacog J 2009; 1(2): 75-81.
[24]Rathee S, Mogla OP, Rathee P, Rathee D. Quantification of
-Sitosterol using HPTLC from Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.
Der Pharma Chemica 2010; 2(4): 86-92.
[25]Tripathi S, Mait TK. Immunomodulatory role of native and heat
denatured agglutinin from Abrus precatorius. Int J Biochem Cell
Biol 2005; 37: 451-462.
[26]Greca MD, Monaco P, Previtera L. Stigmasterols from Typha
latifolia. J Nat Prod 1990; 53: 1430-1435.
[27]Bagri P, Ali M, Sultana S, Aeri V. New sterol esters from the
flowers of Punica granatum Linn. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2009; 11:
710-715.
[28]Ali M. Techniques in terpenoids identification. New Delhi: Birla
Publication; 2001.
1
Fici, S. and Gianguzzi, L. 1977. Diversity and conservation in wild and
cultivated Capparisin Sicily. Bocconea 7:437-443.
2
Zohary, M. 1960. The species of Capparis in the Mediterranean and
the Near Eastern countries. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel
8D:49-64.
3
Jacobs, M. 1965. The genus Capparis (Capparaceae) from the Indus to
the Pacific. Blamea 12:385-341.
4
Hington, R. N. and Akeroyd J. R. 1991.Variation in Capparis spinosa L.
in Europe. Flora Europaea 106(2):104-112.
5
Hyeywood, V. H. 1964. Capparis L. In Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H.,
Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. and Webb, D.A. (eds).
Flora Europaea 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 259 p.
6
Hyeywood, V. H. 1993. Capparis L. In Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A.,
Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R, Heywood, V. H, Moore, D. M.,
Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A. (eds). Flora Europaea
1. 2
nd
 edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 312 p.
7
Fici, S. 2001. Intraspecific variation and evolutionary trends in Capparis
spinosa L. (Capparaceae). Plant Syst. and Evol. 228:123-141.
8
Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A. and El Oulaidi,
J. (eds) 1999. Flore pratique du Maroc. vol. 1 Trav. Inst. Sci. Sér. Bot.
36, Rabat.
9
Benabid, A. 2000. Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc. Evaluation et
préservation de la biodiversité. Ibis Press, Paris, 197 p.
10
Inocencio, C., Alcaraz, F., Calderon, F., Obon, C. and Rivera D. 2002.
The use of floral characters in Capparis sect. Capparis to determine
the botanical and geographical origin of capers. European Food Research
and Technology 214(4):335-339.
11
Yazough, A. 1997. Le câprier dans la préfecture de Zouagha Moulay
Yakoub, Situation actuelle et perspectives de développement. CT de
Douiet, 16 p.
12
Estabrook, G. F., Winsor, J. A., Stephenson, A. G. and Howe, H. F.
1982. When are two phenological pattens different? Bot. Gaz. 143:374-
378.
13
Ehrendorfer, F. 1970. Evolutionary patterns and strategie in seed plants.
Taxon. 19:185-195.
14
Ehrendorfer, F. 1968. Geographical and ecological aspects of intraspecific
differentiation. In Heywood V. H. (ed.). Modern Methods in Plant
Taxonomy. Academic Press, London, pp. 261-296.
1. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N. (eds.) In: Robbins and
Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Edition 7,
Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders. 2004:  47-86.
2. Gamble JS: Flora of the presidency of Madras.1957;
1:32.
3. Nair NCand HenryAN: Flora of Tamilnadu, India Series 1,
Analysis, 1983; 1:13.
4. Mali RG, Hundiwale JC, Sonawane RS, Patil RN,
Hatapakki BC: Evaluation of  Capparis deciduas for
Antihelmintic and Antimicrobial activities. Indian journal
of natural product 2004; 20(4):10-12.
5. Chaudhary SR, Chavan MJ and Gaud RS: Anti
inflammatory and analgesic activity of  Capparis
zeylanica root extracts. Indian journal of natural
products 2004; 20(1):36-39.
6. Ekramul Haque, Mohmud M, Haque, Mukhlesur,
Raheman and Satyajit DS: E- Octodec-7-en-5 ynoic acidfom the root of  Capparis zeylanica.  Fitoterapia 2004;
75:130-133.
7. Sabhi M, Ramezanian M, Jaffari G , Haravi G , Bahaeddini
F, Aynehi Y: Survey of Indian plants for  Saponins,
Alkaloids ,Flavonoids and  Tannins, the plant of
Capparidaceae. International Journal of Crude drug
research 1985; 23(4):165-177.
8. Cordell GA: Introduction to the alkaloids Biogenetic
Approach, John Wiley and Sons Publication,
Newyork.1981: 892.
9. Ali Mohammed: Flavonoids in Text book  of
Pharmacognosy, (CBS Publishers and Distributors,
Delhi)., 1994: 233.
10. Tripathi KD: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, (Jaypee
Brothers Publications, Delhi). 2003: 629-648.
11. Chopra RN, Nayer SL, and Chopra IC: Glossary of Indian
medicinal plants, CSIR, New Delhi.1992: 50-52.
12. Turner RA, Hebban P: Analgesics: Screening methods in
pharmacology, Newyork: Academic Press. 1965:  100.
13. Winter CA, Risley EA and Nuss GW: Carrageenaninduced oedema in the hind paws of the rats as an assay
for anti-inflammatory drugs.  Exp. Biol and Med 1962;
111:544-547.
14. Brownlee:  Effect of doxycortone and ascorbic acid on
formaldehyde induced arthritis in normal and
adrenalectomized rats. Lancet 1950; 1: 157-159.
Ali M, Ramachandram R, Rafiullah MRM, Singh O, Siddiqui AW, Mir
SR (2004). Prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity
by the ethanol extract of Capparis moonii fruits in rats. Pharm. Biol.,
42: 286-288.
Al-Khayri JM (2002). Growth, proline accumulation and ion content in
sodium chloride-stressed callus of date palm. In vitro. Cell Dev. Biol.
Plant, 38: 79-82.
Allakhverdiev SI, Kinoshita M, Inaba M, Suzuki I, Murata N (2001).
Unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids protect  the
photosynthetic machinery against salt-induced damage in
Synechococcus. Plant Physiol., 125: 1842-1853.
Anjum SA, Xie XY, Wang LC, Saleem MF, Man C, Lei W  (2011).
Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to
drought stress. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 6: 2026-2032.
Apel K, Hirt H (2004). Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative
stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 55: 373-399.
Mattaus B, Ozcan M  (2002). Glucosinolate composition of young
shoots and flower buds of capers (Capparis species) growing wild in
Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50: 7323-7325. 
Chattopadhyay A, Subba P, Pandey A, Bhushan D, Kumar R, Datta A,
Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N (2011). Analysis of the grasspea
proteome and identification of stress-responsive proteins upon
exposure to high salinity, low temperature, and abscisic acid
treatment. Phytochemistry, 72: 1293-1307.
Dong J, Bowra S, Vincze E (2010). The development and evaluation of
single cell suspension from wheat and barley as a model system; a
first step towards functional genomics application. BMC Plant Biol.,
10: 239-251.
Duan B, Yang Y, Lu Y, Korpelainen H, Berninger F, Li C (2007).
Interactions between drought stress, ABA and genotypes in  Picea
asperata. J. Exp. Bot., 58: 3025-3036.
Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel JB (2005). Hypolipidemic activity of
aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L in normal and diabetic rats.
J. Ethnopharmacol., 98: 345-350.
Elsayed H, Kirkwood RC (1992). Response of adapted and unadapted
soybean cell suspension cultures to water stress. Phyton (Horn,
Austria), 32: 263-275. 
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SMA (2009). Plant 
drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron..
Sustain. Dev., 29: 185-212.
Gülen H, Çetinkaya C, Kadıoğlu M, Kesici M, Cansev A, Eriş A (2008).
Peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in strawberry (Fragaria X
ananassa) plants under low temperature. J. Biol. Environ. Sci., 2:
95-100.
Hassan NS, Shaaban LD, Hashem ESA, Seleem EE (2004).  In vitro
selection for water stress tolerant callus line of Helianthus annus L.
cv. Myak. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6: 13-18. 
Helena M, Carvalho CD (2008). Drought stress and reactive oxygen
species production, scavenging and signaling. Plant Signal Behav.,
3: 156-165. 
Horváth E, Pál M, Szalai G, Páldi E, Janda T (2007). Exogenous 4-
hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid modulate the effect of
shortterm drought and freezing stress on wheat plants. Biol. Plant,
51: 480-487.
Júnior RRM, Oliveira MSC, Baccache MA, Paula FMD (2008). Effects
of water deficit and rehydration on the polar lipid and membranes
resistance leaves of  Phaseolus vulgaris  L.Cv. Pérola. Braz. Arch.
Biol.Technol., 51: 361-367. 
Kavi KPB, Sangam S, Amrutha RN, Sri LP, Naidu KR, Rao KRSS, Rao
S, Reddy KJ, Theriappan P, Sreenivasulu N (2005). Regulation of
proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher
plants: Its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance.
Curr. Sci., 88: 424-438.
Khanafar MA, Sabri SS, Abuzarga MH, Zeller KP (2003). The chemical
constituents of  Capparis spinosa of Jordanian origin. Nat. Prod.
Res., 17: 9-14.
Kreps JA, Wu YJ, Chang HS, Zhu T, Wang X, Harper JF
(2002).Transcriptome changes for  Arabidopsis  in response to salt,
osmotic, and cold stress. Plant Physiol., 130: 2129 -2141.
Lamikanra O, Watson MA (2001). Effects of ascorbic  acid on
peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in fresh-cut cantaloupe
melon. J. Food Sci., 66: 1283-1286
Li MT, Wang YT, Gan L, Li H, Fu CH, Yu LJ (2007). Establishment of
hypocotyl regeneration system of  Capparis spinosa L. Huazhong 
Agric. Univ., 26: 25-29.
Levizou E, Drilias P, Kyprissis A (2004). Exceptional photosynthetic
performance of  Capparis spinosa  L under adverse conditions of
Mediterranean summer. Photosynthetica, 42:  229-235.
Mahajan S, Tuteja N (2006). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An
overview. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 444 :139-158.
Matos MC , Campos PS , Passarinho JA , Semedo JN , Marques NM,
Ramalho JC , Ricardo CP (2010). Drought effect on photosynthetic
activity, osmolyte accumulation and membrane integrity of two Cicer
arietinum genotypes. Photosynthetica, 48: 303-312.
Mohammadkhani N, Heidari R (2008). Effects of drought stress on
soluble proteins in two maize varieties. Turk J. Biol., 32: 23-30.
Moller IM, Jensen PE, Hansson A (2007). Oxidative modifications to
cellular components in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 58: 459-481.
Moon BY, Higashi SI, Gombos Z, Murata N (1995). Unsaturation of the
membrane lipids of chloroplasts stabilizes the photosynthetic
machinery against low-temperature photoinhibition in transgenic
tobacco plants. P.N.A.S., 92: 6219-6223.
Moran JF, Becana M, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Frechilla S, Klucas RV,
Aparicio-Tejo P (1994). Drought induces oxidative stress in pea
plants. Planta, 194: 346-352.
Praba ML, Cairns JE, Babu RC, Lafitte HR (2009). Identification of
physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought
tolerance in rice and wheat. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 195: 30-46. 
Ranney TGBassuk N, Whith TH (1991). Osmotic adjustment and
solute constituents in leaves and roots of water- stressed cherry
(Prunus) trees. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 116: 684-688.
Ramachandra RA, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M (2004). Drought
induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in
higher plants. J. Plant Physiol., 161: 1189-1202.
Rhizopoulou S, Psaras GK (2003). Development and structure of
drought-tolerant leaves of the Mediterranean shrub  Capparis
spinosa L.  Ann. Bot., 92: 377-383.
Riccardi F, Gazeau P, Vienne Dd , Zivy M (1998). Protein changes in
response to progressive water deficit in maize, quantitative variation
and polypeptide identification. Plant Physiol., 117: 1253-1263.
Routaboul JM, Fischer SF, Browse J (2000). Trienoic fatty acids are
required for photosynthesis at low temperatures. Plant Physiol., 124:
1697-1705.
Sakcali MS, Bahadir H, Ozturk M (2008). Eco-physiology of Capparis
Spinosa  L.: a plant suitable for combating desertification. Pak. J.
Bot., 40: 1481-1486.
Szabados L, Savoure´ A (2009). Proline: a multifunctional amino acid.
Trends Plant Sci., 15: 89-97.
Tang P, Liu YJ, Liu FH (2004). Effects of drought stress on
malondiadehyde content and cell membrane permeability in tobacco
leaves. Subtrop. Plant Sci., 33: 8-10.
Tang RS, Zheng JC, Jin ZQ, Zhang DD, Huang YH, Chen LG (2008).
Possible correlation between high temperature-induced floret sterility
and endogenous levels of IAA, GAs and ABA in rice (Oryza sativa
L.) Plant Growth Regul., 54: 37-43
Toumi I , Gargouri M, Nouairi I , Moschou PN , Salem-Fnayou AB, Mliki
A, Zarrouk M , Ghorbel A (2008). Water stress induced changes in
the leaf lipid composition of four grapevine genotypes with different
drought tolerance. Biomed. sci., 52: 161-164
Watanabe S, Kojima K, Ide YJ, Sasaki S (2000). Effects of saline and
osmotic stress on proline and sugar accumulation in Populus
euphratica in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 63: 199-206.
Yamada M , Morishita H , Urano K ,Shiozaki N ,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
K, Shinozaki K, Yoshiba Y (2005). Effects of free proline
accumulation in petunias under drought stress. J. Exp. Bot., 56:
1975-1981.
Yang F, Miao LF (2010). Adaptive responses to progressive drought
stress in two poplar species originating from different altitudes. Silva
Fenn., 44: 23-37.
Yang Y, He F, Yu LG, Chen XH, Lei J, Ji JX (2007).  Influence of
drought on oxidative stress and flavonoid production in cell
suspension culture of  Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal. Z. Naturforsch, 62:
410-416.
Zhao CX, Guo LY, Jaleel CA, Shao HB, Yang HB (2008). Prospects for
dissecting plant-adaptive molecular mechanisms to improve wheat
cultivars in drought environments. Comp. Rend. Biol., 331: 579-586.
Zhu ZB, Liang ZS, Han RL (2009). Saikosaponin accumulation and
antioxidative protection in drought-stressed Bupleurum chinense
DC. Plants. Environ. Exp. Bot., 66: 326-333.
Demir Y., Gungor A.A., Duran E. D. and Demir N. (2008). Cystenine Protease (Capparin) from
Capsules of Caper (Capparis spinosa). Food Technol. Biotechnol, 46 (3):286-291.
Kusmenoglu S., Toker G., Can Baser K.H. and Koca U. (1997). Composition of the Fruit Oils of
Capparis Species. Acta Pharmacutica Turcica XXXIX (2): 55-57.
Pu Fu,X , Wu T., Abdurahim M., Su Z., Hou X.L, Aisa H.A. and  Wu H. (2008). New spermidine
alkaloids from Capparis spinosa roots. Phytochemistry Letters, 1: 59–62.
Ramezani Z., Aghel N. and Keyghobadi H. (2008). Rutin from Different Parts of Cappris spinosa
Growing Wild in Khuzestan/Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(5):768-772.
Romeo V., Zino M., Giuffrida D., Condurso C.and Verzera A. (2007). Flavour profile of capers
(Capparis spinosa L.) from the Eolian Archipelago by HS-SPME/GC-MS”. Food Chemistry
101:1272-1278.
Sakcali M.S, Bahadir H. and Ozturk M. (2008). Eco-Physiology of Capparis spinosa L.: A Plant
Suitable for Combating Desertification. Pak. J. Bot. 40 (4):1481-1486.
Said O., Khalil K.,Fulder S. and Azaizeh H. (2002). Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs
in Israel, the Golan Heights and West Bank region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 83:251-
265.
Satyanarayana T, Anjana A.M.and Vijetha P. (2008). PHCOG REV.: Plant Review Phytochemical and
Pharmacological Review of Some Indian Capparis Species. Pharmacognosy Reviews [Phcog
Rev.] -Supplement, 2 (4): 36-45.
1
Davis, P. H. 1965. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1.
University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 496-498.
2
Alvarruiz,  A., Rodrigo, M., Miquel, J., Girer, V., Feria, A. and Vila, R.
1990. Influence of brining and packing conditions on product quality
of capers. J. Food Sci. 55:196-227.
3
Rodrigo, M., Lazaro, M., Alvarruiz, A. and Giner, V. 1992. Composition
of capers (Capparis spinosa ): Influence of cultivar, size and harvest
date. J. Food Sci. 57:1152-1154.
4
Özcan, M. 1996. Composition and Pickling Product of Capers (Capparis
spp.) Flower Buds. Ph.D. thesis, Graduate School of Natural and
Applied Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Selçuk University,
Konya, Turkey, 102 p.
5
Özcan, M. and Akgül, A. 1998. Influence of species, harvest date and
size on composition of capers (Capparis spp.) flower buds. Die
Nahrung 42:102-105.
6
Macrae, R., Robinson, R. K. and Sadler, M. J. 1993. Encyclopaedia of
Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition. Academic Press Inc.,
San Diego, CA, 5:3126-3131.
7
Skujins, S. 1998. Handbook for ICP-AES (Varian-Vista). A short Guide
to Vista Series. ICP-AES Operation. Varian Int. AG, Zug, Version 1.0,
Switzerland.
8
Püskülcü, H. and İkiz, F. 1989. Introduction Statistic (İstatistiğe Giriş).
Bilgehan Press, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey (in Turkish).
9
Özcan, M. M., Ünver, A., Uçar, T. and Arslan, D. 2008. Mineral content
of some herbs and herbal teas by infusion and decoction. Food Chem.
106:1120.
10
Guil, J. L., Martinez, J. J. G. and Isasa M. E. 1998. Mineral nutrient
composition of edible wild plants. J. Food Composition Analysis
11:322-328.
11
Brody, T. 1994. Nutritional Biochemistry. Academic Press, San Diego,
CA.
12
Akpanabiatu, M. I., Bassey, N. B., Udosen, E. O. and Eyong, E. U.
1998. Evaluation of some minerals and toxicants in some Nigerian
soup meals. J. Food Comp. Analysis 11:292-297.
13
Foster, L. H., Chaplin, M. F. and Sumar, S. 1998. The effected of heat
treatment on intrinsic and fortified selenium levels in cow’s milk. Food
Chem. 62:21-25.
14
Neve, J. 1991. Physiological and nutritional importance of selenium.
Experimentia 47:187-193.
3. Rana Arslan, Nurcan Bektas, Yusuf Ozturk. Antinociceptive
activity of methanol extract of fruits of Capparis ovata in mice. J
Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131: 28–32.
4. Dhayabaran D, Florance EJ, Nandakumar K, Puratchikody A.
Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic extract of
heart wood of Cedrus deodara roxb. in rodents J Med Plants Res
2010;4(14): 1374-1381.
5. Emamghoreishi M,  Khasaki M, Aazam MF. Coriander sativum:
evaluation of its anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus-maze. J
EthnoPharmacol 2005; 96(3): 365-370.
6. Rabbani M, Sajjadi SE, Vaseghi G, Jafarian A. Anxiolytic effect of
Echium amoenum on the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety
in mice. Fitoterapia 2004; 75: 457-464.
7. Agunu A, Abdurahman EM, Andrew GO, Muhammed Z. Diuretic
activity of the stem-bark extracts of Steganotaenia
araliaceahoehst. J Ethnopharmcol 2005; 96: 471-475.
8. Agus  ZS, Goldberg M. Role of antidiuretic hormone in the
abnormal water diuresis of anterior hypopituitarism in man. J
Clin Invest. 1971; 50: 1478-1489.
9. Stookey JD. The diuretic effects of alcohol and caffeine and total
water intake misclassification. Eur J Epidemiol 1999; 15: 181-
188.
10. Hoeland RD,  Mycek MJ. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews:
Pharmacology, Lippincott Willams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
2000; 157-58; 240-241.
11. Macwan CP, Patel MA. Antioxidant potential of dried powder of
Capparis zeylanica Linn. Int J of Pharmacy and Pharm Sci, 2010;
2(3):58-60.
12. Khandelwal KR,  Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and
Experiments. Pune: Nirali Prakashan; 2003.p.149-156.
13. OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals, acute oral toxicity. Up
and down procedure; 2001.p.425.
14. Viswanatha GL, Nandakumar K, Shylaja H, Ramesh C, Rajesh S,
Srinath R. Anoxolytic and Anticonvulsant activity of alcoholic
extract of heart wood of  Cedrus deodara Roxb in rodents.
JPRHC 2009; 1(2): 217-239.
15. Rakh MS, Chaudhari SR. Evaluation of CNS depressant activity
of  Momordica dioica  Roxb willd fruit pulp. Int J of Pharmacy
and Pharm Sci 2010; 2(4):124-126.
16. Lipschitz WL, Haddian Z, Kerpscar A. Bioassay of Diuretics. J
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 1943; 79: 97-110.
17. Shenoy JP, Pai PG, Shoeb A, Gokul P, Kulkarni A, Kotian MS. En
evaluation of diuretic activity of  Morinda citrifolia  (Linn)
(Noni) fruit juice in normal rats. Int J Pharmacy and Pharm Sci.
2011; 3(2)119-121.
18. Belzung C, Griebel G. Measuring normal and pathological
anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review. Behav. Brain Res.
2001; 125(1-2): 141-149.
19. Maghrani M, Zeggwagh N, Haloui M, Eddouks M. Acute diuretic
effect of aqueous extract of Retama raetam in normal rats.  J
Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99: 31–35.
20. Stanic G, Samarzija I. Diuretic Activity of Satureja montana sub
sp. montana extracts and oil in rats. Phytother Res.  1993; 7:
363–366.
21. Pantoja CV, Chiang LCH, Norris BC, Concha JB. Diuretic,
natriuretic and hypotensive effects produced by Allium
sativum (garlic) in anaesthetized dogs.  J Ethnopharmacol,
1993; 31: 325–331.
1.Ageel, A. M., N. S. Parmar, et al. (1986). "Antiinflammatory activity of some Saudi Arabian medicinal
plants." Agents Actions 17(3-4): 383-384.
2.Arena, A., G. Bisignano, et al. (2008). "Antiviral and
immunomodulatory effect of a lyophilized extract of
Capparis spinosa L. buds." Phytother Res 22(3): 313-317.
3.Caglar, G., S. Caglar, et al. (2005). "The influence of growth
regulators on shoot proliferation and rooting of in vitro
propagated caper." J Environ Biol 26(3): 479-485.
4.Cao, Y. L., X. Li, et al. (2010). "Capparis spinosa protects
against oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis dermal
fibroblasts." Arch Dermatol Res 302(5): 349-355.
5.Daoudi, A., L. Aarab, et al. (2012). "Screening of
immunomodulatory activity of total and protein extracts
of some Moroccan medicinal plants." Toxicol Ind Health.
6.Darwish, R. M. and T. A. Aburjai (2010). "Effect of
ethnomedicinal plants used in folklore medicine in Jordanas antibiotic resistant inhibitors on Escherichia coli."
BMC Complement Altern Med 10: 9.
7.Germano, M. P., R. De Pasquale, et al. (2002). "Evaluation
of extracts and isolated fraction from Capparis spinosa L.
buds as an antioxidant source." J Agric Food Chem 50(5):
1168-1171.
8.Jiang, H. E., X. Li, et al. (2007). "The discovery of Capparis
spinosa L. (Capparidaceae) in the Yanghai Tombs (2800
years b.p.), NW China, and its medicinal implications." J
Ethnopharmacol 113(3): 409-420.
9.Khanfar, M. A., S. S. Sabri, et al. (2003). "The chemical
constituents of Capparis spinosa of Jordanian origin." Nat
Prod Res 17(1): 9-14.
10.Lam, S. K., Q. F. Han, et al. (2009). "Isolation and
characterization of a lectin with potentially exploitable
activities from caper (Capparis spinosa) seeds." Biosci
Rep 29(5): 293-299.
11.Lam, S. K. and T. B. Ng (2009). "A protein with
antiproliferative, antifungal and HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase inhibitory activities from caper (Capparis
spinosa) seeds." Phytomedicine 16(5): 444-450.
12.Ma, S. J., T. Lu, et al. (2010). "[Tissue culture and rapid
propogation of seeds of Uyghur traditional herbal
Capparis spinosa]." Zhong Yao Cai 33(12): 1833-1836.
13.Ozcan, M. M. (2008). "Investigation on the mineral
contents of capers (Capparis spp.) seed oils growing wild
in Turkey." J Med Food 11(3): 596-599.
14.Ramezani, Z., N. Aghel, et al. (2008). "Rutin from different
parts of Capparis spinosa growing wild in
Khuzestan/Iran." Pak J Biol Sci 11(5): 768-772.
15.Rhizopoulou, S. and G. K. Psaras (2003). "Development
and structure of drought-tolerant leaves of the
Mediterranean shrub Capparis spinosa L." Ann Bot 92(3):
377-383.
16.Tesoriere, L., D. Butera, et al. (2007). "Bioactive
components of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily
and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric
digestion." J Agric Food Chem 55(21): 8465-8471.
17.Tlili, N., A. Khaldi, et al. (2010). "Phenolic compounds and
vitamin antioxidants of caper (Capparis spinosa)." Plant
Foods Hum Nutr 65(3): 260-265.
18.Tlili, N., N. Nasri, et al. (2009). "Carotenoid and
tocopherol composition of leaves, buds, and flowers of
Capparis spinosa grown wild in Tunisia." J Agric Food
Chem 57(12): 5381-5385.
19.Wang, H., S. Shi, et al. (2012). "Structural characterization
of a homogalacturonan from Capparis spinosa L. fruits
and anti-complement activity of its sulfated derivative."
Glycoconj J.
20.Yang, T., Y. Q. Liu, et al. (2008). "[Advances on
investigation of chemical constituents, pharmacological
activities and clinical applications of Capparis spinosa]."
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 33(21): 2453-2458.
21.Yang, T., C. Wang, et al. (2010). "A new antioxidant
compound from Capparis spinosa." Pharm Biol 48(5):
589-594.
22.Zhang, T. and D. Y. Tan (2009). "An examination of the
function of male flowers in an andromonoecious shrub
Capparis spinosa." J Integr Plant Biol 51(3): 316-324. 
Ahmed, S.; Grainges, M.; Hylin, J.W.;
Mitchel, W.C. and Lit-Singer, S.
(1984). Some promising plant
species for use as pest control
agents under traditional farming
systems. Proc. 2
nd
 Int. Neem Conf.,
Rausisch-holzhausen, 1983. pp.
565-580.  
Ahmed, Z.F., Rizk, A.M., Hammouda, F.M.
and Seif El-Nasr, M.M. (1972).
Phytochemical study of Lantana
camara. Terpenes and lactones II.
Planta Med. 22, 34-37.
Abbott, W.S. (1925): A method of
computing the effectiveness of an
insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol., 18:
265-267.
Brown, D.H. (1964). Ph.D Thesis, London
University.
El-Shershaby, M.M.A. (2010). Toxicity of
heavy metals to  Agrotis ipsilon
(Hufn) and the entomopathogenic
Nematode,  Steinernema
carpocapsae. Agricultural Research
Journal; Suez Canal University.
10(1):101-106. 
Finney, D.J. (1952): Probit analysis, 2
nd
 Ed.
Cambridge University Press,
London, 318 pp.
Hammouda, F.M.; Seif-El-Nasr, M.M. and
Rizk, A.M. (1975). Consittuents of
Egyption Capparis species.
Pharmazie 29: 747-748. 
Hussein, H.; Abou-Elella, M.; Amer, S.A.A.
and Momen, F.M. (2006).
Repellency and Toxicity of Extracts
from Capparis aegyptia L. to
Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari:
Tetranychidae).  Acta
Phytopathologica et Entomologica
Hungarica 41(3-4): 331-340.
Kandil, M.A.; Abdel- Aziz N.F.  and
Sammour, E.A. (2003).
Comparstive toxicity of
chlorfluazuron and leufenuron
against cotton leaf worm
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).
Egypt J. Agric. Res., 2: 645-661.
Kjaer, A. (1961). Organic Sulphur
Compounds. Pergamon Press,
Oxford, NewYork.
Krieger, R.I.; Feeny, P.P. and Wilkinson,
C.F. (1971). Detoxication enzymes
in the guts of caterpillars: An
evolutionary answer to plant
defenses? Science 172:579-581.
Musayimana, T., Saxena, R. C., Kairu, E.
W., Ogol, C. P. K. O., and Khan, Z.
R. (2001). Effects of neem seed
derivatives on behavioral and
physiological responses of the
Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol.
94:449-454.
Reyes-Chilpa, R., Viveros-Rodriguez, N.,
Gomez-Garibay, F., and AlavezSolano, D. (1995). Antitermitic
activity of  Lonchocarpus castilloi
flavonoids and heartwood extracts.
J. Chem. Ecol. 21:455-463. 
Rodrigo, M.; Lazaro, M.J.; Alvarruiz, A.
and Giner, V. (1992). Compositionof capers (Capparis spinosa):
influence of cultivar, size and
harvest date. Journal of Food
Science. 57: 1152–1154.
Salama, H.S.; Dimetry, N.Z. and Salem,
S.A. (1970). On the host preference
and biology of the cotton leaf worm
Spodoptera littoralis. Z. ang.
Entomol., 67: 261-266.
Salem,Y.S.; El-Kady, E.A. and Abdel
Salam, N.M. (1982) Effect of larval
host plants on certain biological
aspects of  Agrotis ipsilon  (Hufn).
Research Bulletin, Fac. Agric. Ain-
shams Univ., Egypt. No. 2086.
Schmidt, G.H. (1986). Pestizide und
umweltschutz. Vieweg & Sohu,
Braunschweig, 466 pp.
Sharaf, M.; El-Ansari, M.A. and Saleh,
N.A.M. (2000). Quercetin
triglycoside from Capparis spinosa.
Fitoterapia 71: 46-49.
Simmonds, M. S. J. (2001). Importance of
flavonoids in insect–plant
interactions: Feeding and
oviposition.  Phytochemistry
56:245–252. 
Su, H. and Horvat, R. (1981). Isolation,
identification and insecticidal
properties of   Pipper nigrum
amides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:
115-118.   
Upadhyay, R.K.; Rohatgi, L.; Chaubey,
M.K. and Jain, S.C. (2006).
Ovipositional responses of the pulse
beetle,  Bruchus chinensis
(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to extracts
and compounds of  Capparis
decidua. J. Agric.Food Chem. 54:
9747-9751.
1. H.S. Arun Kumar. Recent advances in assay methods and techniques preclinical safety
studies on medical plants: Part II. Pharmacognosy Magazine 1: 32-38 (2005).
2. R.B. Philp. Herbal Remedies: The good, the bad, and the ugly.  Journal of
complementary and Integrative Medicine 1: 1-11 (2004).
3. A.K. Jäger. Is tradition medicine better off 25 years alter? J Ethnopharmacol. 100: 3 –
4(2005).
4. G.C. CEVALLOS. Estudios de toxicologia preclínica para nuevos fármacos.  Arch
Neurociências. México 2: 118-121 (1996).
5.Agunu A, Ibrahim NDG, Onyiloyi GA, Abdulrahman, EM (2003).Toxicity of stembark extract of Steganotaenia araliacea in rats. Nig.J. Natl. Prod. Med. 7: 65-67.
6.H.S. Arun Kumar. Recent advances in assay methods and techniques preclinical safety
studies on medical plants: Part II. Pharmacognosy Magazine 1: 32-38 (2005).
7.Saxena MJ (2001). Relevance of herbs in improving health index of livestock animals.
Proceedings of 38th congress of Nigeria. Vet. Med.Assoc. pp. 14-16. 
. L.C. Miller, M.L. Tainter. Estimation of the ED50 and this error by means of
logarithimic probit graph paper. Proc. Soc Expl Biol. 57: 261-4 (1944).
8. F. Oliveira, S. Oga, G. Akisue, M.K. Akisue. Parâmetros Físicos e Químicos e Efeito
Antiedema dos  (Mikania glomerata Sprengel) e de Guaco de Extratos fluídos de Guaco
Mato (Mikania Laevigata Schultz Bip. Ex Baker). An Farm. Quim. 25.(1-2): 50-54 (1985
9. M. Salazar, E. Martinez, E. Madrigal, L.E Ruiz, G.A. Chamorro. Subchonic toxicity in
mice fed Spirulina maxima. J. Ethnophamacol 62: 235-241 (1998).
10. Chen W, Koenigs LL, Thompson SJ, Peter RM, Rettie AE, Trager WF, Nelson SD.
Oxidation of acetaminophen to its toxic quinone imine and nontoxic catechol metabolites
by baculovirus-expressed and purified human cytochromes P450 2E1 and 2A6. Chem.
Res. Toxicol. 1998; 11: 295-301
11.. Gallgher CH, Gupta DN, Judah JR, Rees KR. Mechanism of thioacetamide toxicity.
J. Pathol. Bact.1956; 72: 193- 201.
Acar C (1997) Trabzon ve Yöresinde Yetiþen Doðal Bazý Yerörtücü Bitkilerin Peyzaj Mimarlýðýnda Deðerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir Araþtýrma.
Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlýðý ABD, Trabzon.
Clouston B (1990) Landscape Design with Plants. Second Edition, Heineman Profesional Publishing Ltd., Oxford.
Çelem H (1981) Ýç Anadolu Bölgesi Ekolojik Koþullarýnda Killi Karayolu Þevlerinin Tahkimi Ýçin Canlý Çitlere Uygun Bitki Türlerinin Saptanmasý Üzerine Bir Araþtýrma. Doçentlik Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Erdaþ O, Acar H H, Tunay M, Karaman A (1995) Türkiye'de Orman Ýþçiliði ve Üretim, Orman Yollarý, Orman Ürünleri Transportu,
Ormancýlýkta Mekanizasyon ve Mülkiyet-Kadastro Ýle Ýlgili Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Türkiye Ormancýlýk Raporu, Karadeniz Teknik
Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayýn No: 48, Trabzon.
Gupta I C, Harsh L N, Shankarnaryana K A, Sharma B D, Shankarnarayan K A (1989) Wealth from Wastelands. Indian-Farming,
28, 11, 18-19.
Özdemir F, Öztürk M (1996) Batý Anadolu'da Yayýlýþ Gösteren Capparis L. Türlerinin Bireysel Ekolojisi Üzerine Bir Araþtýrma.
Turkish Journal of Botany, 20, 2, 189-199.
Pugnaire F I, Esteban E (1991) Nutritional Adaptations of Caper Shrub (Capparis ovata Desf.) to Environmental Stress. Journal of
Plant Nutrition, 14, 2, 151-161.
1. Bailey, L. H. The Standart Cyclopedia of Horticultura Vol. 1. 658.
Macmillan Company. Newyork. (1950).
2. Zohary, M. The spices of Capparis in the Mediterranean and the
Near Eastern Countries. Bul. Res. Coun. Israel 8: 49-64. (1960).
3. Davis. P. H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands.
Vol. 1. s: 496-498 Edinburg University Press. Edinburg. (1965).
4. Barbera, G. Programme de Recherde Agrimed Le Caprier
(Capparis spp). Commision des Communautes Europeennes Serie
Agricultura  EUF 1367. 62s Luxenburg. (1991)
5. Baytop, T., Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. E. Ü. Yay›n No: 3255.
280-281. ‹stanbul(1984).
6. Melchior, H. and Kastner, H. Gewürze. Parey. Hamburg. (1974).
7. Franke, N. Nutzpflanzenkunde. Thieme. Stutgart. (1981).
8. Göök, R. Das Buch der Gewürze, Heyne, No: 4311. München.
(1981).
9. Gori, P. and Lorito, M. An Ultrastructural Investigation of the
Anther Wall and Tapetium in capparis spinosa L. var. inermis.
Caryologia. Vol 41, (3-4)251-261 (1998).
10. Rodrigo, M. Lazaro, M. J., Alvarruiz, A. and Giner, V.
Composition of  Capers(Capparis spinosa): Influence of Cultivar,
Size and Harvest Date. Journal of Food Science-Volume 57:
1152-1154 (1992).
11. Otan, H., Sar›, A. O. Kapari (C. spinosa)’de Fide Yetifltirme Tekni¤i
Üzerine bir Araflt›rma. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi (25-29 Nisan 1994)
Bildirileri C. 1: 150-153. ‹zmir. (1994)
12. Özbek, S. Hormonlar ve Ba¤-Bahçe Ziraat› (Avery’den tercüme).
A. Ü. Z. F. Yay›nlar› 418s Ankara (1971).
13. Güleryüz, M. Bahçe Ziraat›nda Büyütücü ve Engelleyici
Maddelerin Kullan›lmas› ve Önemi(Anson’dan tercüme). Atatürk
Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay›nlar› No: 279. 121s. Erzurum. (1982).
14. Düzgünefl, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F. Araflt›rma ve
Deneme Metodlar› (‹statistik Metodlar›-II). A. Ü. Z. F. Yay›nlar›.
1021, Ders Kitab›: 295. Ankara (1987).
(Contd.)

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Momordica angustisepala (comments of Pankaj Oudhia)

Research References on Promising and Potential Healing Phytomedicines for Covid-19 like viral diseases from Medicinal Plant Database by Pankaj Oudhia (Contd.)

Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Anti-cancer properties)